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List of Figures

1.1 The Creation of the World and the Expulsion from Paradise.
1.2 The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.
1.3 Our ancestors were fish.
2.1 Food, shelter, reproduction, and safe in a tree. [WMC]
2.2 A largely solitary economy. [WMC]
2.3 The three inputs necessary for production
2.4 Alone on an island – a one-person economy.
2.5 Concrete cancer: capital wears out.
3.1 A social economy: leaf-cutter ants. [WMC]
3.2 In a social economy, you can’t go anywhere you want or use anything you like. [WMC]
3.3 Ownership: it’s his garden! [WMC]
3.4 A kilo of cheese takes more labour to make than a kilo of potatoes, and so costs more.
3.5 We don’t pay the environment for the resources we take from it. [WMC]
3.6 No rules for a castaway alone on an island.
3.7 Lots of rules in modern society.
4.1 A vegetable market. [WMC]
4.2 A list of ingredients – how many of us would read and understand it before eating? [WMC]
5.1 A simple barter or ‘swap’ economy.
5.2 A set of swaps between a farmer, baker and shoemaker.
5.3 A drop in demand by the farmer for bread, lowers production of other goods too.
5.4 Initial level of production before musician arrives.
5.5 The availability of something new to want (music) also increases production of existing goods.
5.6 Using money to carry out swaps.
6.1 As WORKERS we work for others, like this horse. [WMC]
6.2 As CONSUMERS we are served by others.
6.3 As CITIZENS we can influence governance.
6.4 A rare and valued quality.
6.5 The rules of a game affect the outcomes. [WMC]
7.1 High demand for horses. [WMC]
7.2 Robots packing bread. [WMC]
7.3 Dumped tomatoes. [geograph]
13.1 Once we were fewer than one million worldwide with very little ‘stuff’; now we are over eight thousand million. [WMC]
13.2 People in industrialising countries naturally enough, aspire to the consumption habits of the richest countries.
13.3 Derelict opencast mine. [WMC]
13.4 The seas and wild fish: part of the ‘global commons’. [WMC]
14.1 Humans have a hierarchy of needs.
24.1 The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists identifies existential risks such as nuclear war and climate change. [WMC]
24.2 Coronavirus. [WMC]
25.1 “some major cities will be under water”. [WMC]

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