Bibliografía

[1]   E. F. Schumacher, Lo pequeño es hermoso. Ediciones Akal, 2011.

[2]   P. R. Ehrlich and A. H. Ehrlich, Population Resources Environment. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1970. Edición en español: ‘Población, Recursos, Medio Ambiente: Aspectos de ecología humana’, Eds. Omega, 1975.

[3]   D. Meadows, D. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. Behrens, Los límites del crecimiento. Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1972. Actualizado en 2006 como ‘Los límites del crecimiento 30 años después’, Galaxia Gutenberg.

[4]   A. Guterres, “Secretary-General’s Address to the General Assembly.” https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2021-09-21/secretary-general%E2%80%99s-address-the-general-assembly, September 2021.

[5]   K. Marx and F. Engels, Communist Manifesto. Communist League, 1848.

[6]   K. Marx, “Critique of the Gotha Programme,” 1875.

[7]   E. A. Shrider, M. Kollar, F. Chen, and J. Semega, “Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020,” Tech. Rep. P60-273, The United States Census Bureau, September 2021.

[8]   “Nearly Half the World Lives on Less than $5.50 a Day.” The World Bank press release https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/10/17/nearly-half-the-world-lives-on-less-than-550-a-day, 2018.

[9]   “Employment in the UK: December 2021.” Office for National Statistics, UK, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/employmentintheuk/december2021, December 2021.

[10]   D. Hardoon, “An Economy for the 99 %: It’s time to build a human economy that benefits everyone, not just the privileged few,” tech. rep., Oxfam, January 2017.

[11]   J. Diamond, Armas, gérmenes y acero. Debolsillo, 2020.

[12]   A. Smith, The Wealth Of Nations. Disponible en el Proyecto Gutenberg, 1776.

[13]   C. Giattino, E. Ortiz-Ospina, and M. Roser, “Working Hours,” Our World in Data, 2020. Working hours: https://ourworldindata.org/working-hours, Annual working hours vs. GDP per capita: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/weekly-work-hours-vs-gdp-per-capita.

[14]   “Earnings and hours worked, occupation by four-digit SOC: ASHE Table 14: 2022.” Office for National Statistics https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14, October 2022.

[15]   M. Sainato, “This used to be a great job,” The Guardian, 2021.

[16]   D. Nicks, “How Trucking Went From One of the Best Jobs in America to One of the Worst,” The Guardian, 2016.

[17]   TruePrice and Fairtrade, “Assessment of Fairtrade Coffee Farmers’ income,” tech. rep., Fairtrade, 2017.

[18]   P. Stewart, “The Coffee Price Crisis: How to Support More Sustainable Livelihoods for Farmers,” Business Fights Poverty, October 2019.

[19]   Charts based on data from: Coffee Production historical,1990 onwards - International Coffee Organization, www.ico.org; Coffee Prices - 45 Year Historical Chart, www.macrotrends.net, then adjusted to 2020 dollars via CPI Inflation Calculator, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics www.bls.gov.

[20]   E. Ortiz-Ospina, D. Beltekian, and M. Roser, “Trade and Globalization,” Our World in Data, 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-globalization.

[21]   “Exports of goods and services ( % of GDP),” 2022. World Bank https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS.

[22]   DataBank, “The Labour Share in G20 Economies,” tech. rep., International Labour Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2015.

[23]   M. Guerriero, “The Labor Share of Income Around the World: Evidence from a Panel Dataset.,” tech. rep., Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute, 2019.

[24]   J. Denman and P. McDonald, “Unemployment statistics from 1881 to the present day.” UK Central Statistical Office, http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-trends--discontinued-/january-1996/unemployment-since-1881.pdf, 1996.

[25]   “UK Office for National Statistics (ONS).” https://www.ons.gov.uk.

[26]   A. Gregory and N. Bartlett, “‘Vasectomies are free’: Tory party’s new vice chair urged jobless to stop having kids or UK would ‘drown in wasters’,” The Daily Mirror, on-line, January 2018.

[27]   N. Britten, “Britain has produced unteachable ‘uber-chavs’,” The Telegraph, on-line, February 2009.

[28]   Y. Zayed and P. Loft, “Briefing Paper: Agriculture: historical statistics,” tech. rep., House of Commons Library, Briefing Paper, June 2019.

[29]   “Anthropocene.” National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/anthropocene/.

[30]   Y. M. Bar-On, R. Phillips, and R. Milo, “The biomass distribution on Earth,” in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp. 473–480, May 2018.

[31]   M. Roser, “Mortality in the past: every second child died,” Our World in Data, 2023. https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-in-the-past.

[32]   G. Phelps and S. Crabtree, “Worldwide, Median Household Income About $10,000,” Gallup, December 2013. “The median per-capita income is $2,920”.

[33]   R. Kochhar, “Are you in the global middle class? Find out with our income calculator.,” Pew Research Center, July 2021.

[34]   A. Tanzi and M. Dorning, “Top 1 % of U.S. Earners Now Hold More Wealth Than All of the Middle Class.,” Bloomberg, October 2021.

[35]   L. Elliott, “World’s 26 richest people own as much as poorest 50 %, says Oxfam,” The Guardian, Jan 2019.

[36]   “40 Jobs in the Middle Ages.” Medievalists.net https://www.medievalists.net/2023/05/40-jobs-middle-ages/.

[37]   “New Department of Health campaigns funded.” BBC https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13589976, May 2011.

[38]   “A Look at Coca-Cola’s Advertising Expenses.” Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/081315/look-cocacolas-advertising-expenses.asp, February 2023.

[39]   V. Packard, The Hidden Persuaders. Penguin Books, 1957. Edición en español: ‘Las formas ocultas de la propaganda’, Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1959.

[40]   “Global Witness reports 227 land and environmental activists murdered in a single year, the worst figure on record.” Global Witness https://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/global-witness-reports-227-land-and-environmental-activists-murdered-single-year-worst-figure-record, September 2021.

[41]   J. Haidt, La generación ansiosa: Por qué las redes sociales están causando una epidemia de enfermedades mentales entre nuestros jóvenes. Deusto, May 2024.

[42]   Transcript of 2004 interview with economist Milton Friedman, on Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/story/your-world-interview-with-economist-milton-friedman.

[43]   Quoted by the think tank, The Free Market Foundation (Southern Africa) www.freemarketfoundation.com/quotes.asp.

[44]   “The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.” NICE https://www.nice.org.uk/.

[45]   P. Bolton, “Education spending in the UK,” tech. rep., House of Commons Library, November 2021.

[46]   D. C. Black, “Review of drugs.” Home Office https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-drugs-phase-one-report/review-of-drugs-summary, September 2020.

[47]   “Consumer spending on tobacco in the United Kingdom.” Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/289980/expenditure-on-tobacco-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/.

[48]   “The economics of tobacco.” Ash, https://ash.org.uk/resources/view/the-economics-of-tobacco.

[49]   “Statistics on Alcohol, England, 2018.” NHS, https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-alcohol/2018/part-7.

[50]   “Gambling: How much do we spend in the UK?.” BBC, 21 September 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49731701.

[51]   “GROSS DOMESTIC PHILANTHROPY: An international analysis of GDP, tax and giving.” CAF Charities Aid Foundation https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-policy-and-campaigns/gross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf, January 2016.

[52]   R. Booth, “Britain’s top earners giving less to charity while incomes rise,” The Guardian, Dec 2021.

[53]   “Families and households in the UK: 2020.” Office for National Statistics https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2020, March 2021.

[54]   Wikipedia contributors, “Tragedy of the commons — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tragedy_of_the_commons&oldid=1173666422, 2023. [Online; accessed 4-September-2023].

[55]   “Reported road casualties Great Britain, annual report: 2022.” UK National Statistics https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-annual-report-2022/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-annual-report-2022, September 2023.

[56]   “Road traffic injuries.” World Health Organisation https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries, December 2023.

[57]   “Global Road Safety Statistics.” UK National Statistics https://www.brake.org.uk.

[58]   Wikipedia contributors, “Race to the bottom — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Race_to_the_bottom&oldid=1162861283, 2023. [Online; accessed 4-September-2023].

[59]   Wikipedia contributors, “Paul samuelson — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Samuelson&oldid=1172455961, 2023. [Online; accessed 4-September-2023].

[60]   Wikipedia contributors, “Comparative advantage — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparative_advantage&oldid=1144677283, 2023. [Online; accessed 4-September-2023].

[61]   J. Lopez, “The Pros and Cons of Importing a Car into Costa Rica,” The Costa Rica Star, February 2012. “Taxes for importing vehicles into Costa Rica are 52.29 % for models that rolled out of the assembly line in the last three years.”.

[62]   L. Trotsky, The Soviet Economy in Danger. Pamphlet Pioneer Publishers, 1932. En español: ‘La economía soviética en peligro’.

[63]   A. Nove, The Economics of Feasible Socialism. George Allen & Unwin, 1983.

[64]   “Meeting the Energy Challenge, A White Paper on Nuclear Power.” UK Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform. Crown copyright. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7490ace5274a44083b7b15/7296.pdf, January 2008.

[65]   W. G. U. Ltd, “Decommissioning of Hunterston B Nuclear Power Station. EIA Scoping Report,” tech. rep., PSIRU University of Greenwich, August 2022.

[66]   “Why geologic disposal?.” Duration of waste storage https://www.yuccamountain.org/faq.htm#disposal.

[67]   “NDA Annual Report 2022 to 2023.” UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7490ace5274a44083b7b15/7296.pdf.

[68]   “The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority’s management of the Magnox contract - Understanding and managing the burden of nuclear decommissioning on the taxpayer.” UK Parliament, Public Accounts Committee https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5801/cmselect/cmpubacc/653/65306.htm, November 2020.

[69]   P. Brown, “Voodoo Economics and the Doomed Nuclear Renaissance,” tech. rep., Friends of the Earth, May 2008.

[70]   “Nuclear Provision: the cost of cleaning up Britain’s historic nuclear sites.” gov UK, 4 July 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nuclear-provision-explaining-the-cost-of-cleaning-up-britains-nuclear-legacy/nuclear-provision-explaining-the-cost-of-cleaning-up-britains-nuclear-legacy.

[71]   S. Laville, “UK’s nuclear waste cleanup operation could cost £260bn,” The Guardian, September 2022.

[72]   R. H. Bryan et al., “Report and Recommendations of the Nevada Commission on Nuclear Projects,” tech. rep., State of Nevada, November 2019.

[73]   “A rare tour of the tunnel that is ground zero for a nuclear waste controversy.” CBS, 10 June 2019, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/yucca-mountain-nuclear-waste-storage-controversy.

[74]   S. Thomas, “Comparison among different decommissioning funds methodologies for nuclear installations. Country Report United Kingdom,” tech. rep., PSIRU University of Greenwich, October 2006.

[75]   “French government wins court approval for EDF nationalisation,” Nuclear Engineering International, May 2023.

[76]   C. Pitchers, “France’s ageing nuclear fleet paints bleak picture for coming winter and near future,” euronews, November 2022.

[77]   W. Richter, “France Predict Cost of Nuclear Disaster to be Over Three Times their GDP,” OilPrice.com, March 2013.

[78]   “Global Threat Reduction Programme: Support for international remediation work at Chernobyl.” UK Department of Energy & Climate Change https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/global-threat-reduction-programme-support-for-international-remediation-work-at-chernobyl, January 2013.

[79]   “The Sizewell C Project. SZC Co.’s Response to the Secretary of State’s Letter dated 31 May 2022.” gov UK, https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp-content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010012/EN010012-010985-SZC%20CO.%20Response%20to%20SoS%20Information%20Request_31.05.22.pdf.

[80]   “The Future of Nuclear Power.” gov UK, DTI https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp-content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010080/EN010080-003124-Appendix%2014,%20Annex%2005%20Nuclear%20Power%20in%20a%20Low%20Carbon%20UK_Redacted.pdf, May 2007.

[81]   T. Rose and T. Sweeting, “How safe is nuclear power? A statistical study suggests less than expected,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 112–115, 2016.

[82]   W. C. Patterson, Nuclear Power. England: Penguin Books, 1976.

[83]   “Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant lost off-site power again, diesel generators providing back-up electricity.” International Atomic Energy Agency https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/ukraines-zaporizhzhya-nuclear-power-plant-lost-off-site-power-again-diesel-generators-providing-back-up-electricity, November 2022.

[84]   “Ukraine accuses Russia of blocking diesel supplies to Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant.” Reuters https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-accuses-russia-blocking-diesel-supplies-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant-2022-10-12/, October 2022.

[85]   W. C. Patterson, “Energía Nuclear.” https://www.waltpatterson.org/npspanish.pdf, 1976.

[86]   H. Montefiore et al., Changing Directions. A Report from the Independent Commission on Transport. Coronet Books, 1974.

[87]   G. Hutton, A. Shalchi, and M. Ward, “Financial services: contribution to the UK economy,” tech. rep., House of Commons Library, Research Briefing, September 2022.

[88]   R. Greenwood and D. Scharfstein, “The Growth of Finance,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 27, pp. 3–28, May 2013.

[89]   T. Segal, “Forex Market: Who Trades Currencies and Why.” Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/11/who-trades-forex-and-why.asp, August 2021.

[90]   “Global trade hits record $7.7 trillion in first quarter of 2022.” United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Global Trade Update, 7 July 2022. Quarterly trade in goods and services. https://unctad.org/news/global-trade-hits-record-77-trillion-first-quarter-2022, July 2022.

[91]   “GDP (constant 2015 US$) - United States.” https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD?locations=US.

[92]   “Annual Gross Domestic Product and real GDP in the United States from 1929 to 2020.” Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1031678/gdp-and-real-gdp-united-states-1930-2019/.

[93]   “Gini Index - United States.” Data from Gini Index graph from World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=US. Gini Index for USA: about 41.4 in 2006, about 35 in 1980.

[94]   B. Thompson, “The Rise in Income Inequality.” Urban Milwaukee, https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2014/12/08/data-wonk-the-rise-in-income-inequality/, December 2014. Graph shows Gini Index for USA fell from 38 in 1950 to low of 35 in 1967, then 36.5 in 1980, 44.5 in 2006.

[95]   “US Income Inequality: Latest Data.” https://datatrekresearch.com/us-income-inequality-latest-data/. Article about release by US Census Bureau of data on local-level income, poverty and health insurance statistics from its American Community Survey.

[96]   “Historical Income Tables: Income Inequality.” Statista, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-income-inequality.html.

[97]   “World Inequality Report.” World Inequality Lab, https://wir2022.wid.world/executive-summary/, 2022. Aslo cited and described in an article by OXFAM “World Inequality Report 2022: a treasure trove of trends and new data” https://frompoverty.oxfam.org.uk/world-inequality-report-2022-a-treasure-trove-of-trends-and-new-data/.

[98]   J. Eggleston, D. Hays, R. Munk, and B. Sullivan, “The Wealth of Households: 2017,” Tech. Rep. P70BR-170, The United States Census Bureau, August 2020.

[99]   D. D. Treece, “Are You In The Top 1 %?.” https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/financial-advisor/are-you-in-the-top-1-percent/, 2023. The top 1 % of Americans, have a net worth that is more than 85 times the median net worth in the U.S.

[100]   “U.S. wealth distribution 2023.” Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/203961/wealth-distribution-for-the-us/. [Online; accessed 6-September-2023].

[101]   J. Parkinson, “How much of a savings buffer do people need?.” BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-35801951, March 2016. Cites surveys by the Money Advice Service and I-N-G bank.

[102]   “Saving for retirement in Great Britain: April 2018 to March 2020.” Inequality in private pension wealth, ONS https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/pensionwealthingreatbritain/april2018tomarch2020, June 2022.

[103]   O. Bullough, Butler to the World: How Britain Became the Servant of Tycoons, Tax Dodgers, Kleptocrats and Criminals. London: Profile Books, 2022.

[104]   N. Shaxson, Las Islas de Tesoro. Fondo De Cultura Económica, 2016.

[105]   Tax Justice Network, https://taxjustice.net/.

[106]   N. Shaxson, “Over a third of world trade happens within multinational corporations.” Tax Justice Network, https://taxjustice.net/2019/04/09/over-a-third-or-more-of-world-trade-happens-inside-multinational-corporations/, April 2019.

[107]   A. Swaby, “Why so many shipowners find Panama’s flag convenient.” BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-28558480, August 2014.

[108]   Wikipedia contributors, “2008 united kingdom bank rescue package — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package&oldid=1173208521, 2023. [Online; accessed 6-September-2023].

[109]   T. Harbert, “Here’s how much the 2008 bailouts really cost.” MIT Sloan School of Management, https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/heres-how-much-2008-bailouts-really-cost, February 2019.

[110]   F. Mor, “Royal Bank of Scotland bailout: 10 years and counting.” https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/royal-bank-of-scotland-bailout-10-years-and-counting/, October 2018.

[111]   G. Hiscott, “Fred ‘The Shred’ Goodwin amasses £17million pension 10 years after RBS crash that left millions £23k worse off,” The Daily Mirror, on-line, September 2018.

[112]   R. Tressell, The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists. Grant Richards Ltd., 1914. Edición en español: ‘Los Filántropos En Harapos’, Capitan Swing Libros, 2014.

[113]   Wikipedia contributors, “Transport act 1947 — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_Act_1947, 2022. “Shares in the railway companies were exchanged for British Transport Stock, with a guaranteed 3 % return ... repayable after forty years” [Online; accessed 6-September-2023].

[114]   J. Stittle, “Nationalising Britain’s railways is the only way to fix chronic problems – here’s why.” The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/nationalising-britains-railways-is-the-only-way-to-fix-chronic-problems-heres-why-88591, January 2018.

[115]   A. Bowman, “An illusion of success: The consequences of British rail privatisation,” Accounting Forum, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 51–63, 2015.

[116]   Y. El-Gingihy, “The great PFI heist: The real story of how Britain’s economy has been left high and dry by a doomed economic philosophy,” The Independent, on-line, February 2018.

[117]   D. Campbell, “NHS hospital trusts to pay out further £55bn under PFI scheme,” The Guardian, September 2019. Some trusts are having to spend as much as one-sixth of their entire budget on repaying debts due as a result of the PFI scheme.

[118]   S. Youel, “Banking for People: Lessons from the UK’s Girobank.” Positive Money, https://positivemoney.org/2021/05/banking-for-people-lessons-from-the-uks-girobank/, May 2021.

[119]   Wikipedia contributors, “Girobank — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Girobank&oldid=1176772748, 2023. [Online; accessed 17-December-2023].

[120]   Z. Wood, “Debenhams ‘never recovered from private equity ownership’,” The Guardian, Dec 2020.

[121]   D. Hussain, “How private equity fat-cats who rub shoulders with A-list celebrities and royalty triggered Debenhams’ downfall by selling its stores and leasing them back before taking £1.2BILLION in dividends,” The Daily Mail, Dec 2020.

[122]   P. Comley, Monkey with a Pin. Pete Comley, 2012.

[123]   M. Parietti, “This Is How Much Mutual Fund Managers Make,” Investopedia, June 2020.

[124]   J. Gray, “Number of DB pension schemes and members continue to fall.” Pensions Age, https://www.pensionsage.com/pa/Number-of-DB-schemes-and-members-continue-to-shrink.php, December 2021.

[125]   “DC trust: scheme return data 2019–20.” UK Pensions Regulator, https://www.thepensionsregulator.gov.uk/en/document-library/research-and-analysis/dc-trust-scheme-return-data-2019-2020, 2021.

[126]   “Almost half of UK business owners have no pension savings.” Actuarial Post, citing a survey by the Prudential, https://www.actuarialpost.co.uk/article/almost-half-of-uk-business-owners-have-no-pension-savings-3554.htm. [Online; accessed 6-September-2023].

[127]   Wikipedia contributors, “Financialization — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Financialization&oldid=1153448096, 2023. [Online; accessed 6-September-2023].

[128]   J. K. Galbraith, The World Economy Since the Wars - A Personal View. Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994. p234.

[129]   “Why are interest rates high and when might they fall?.” Bank of England Explainers https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/explainers/why-are-interest-rates-in-the-uk-going-up, January 2024. [Online; accessed Jan-2024].

[130]   S. Pittaway, “The Mortgage Crunch.” The Resolution Foundation https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/the-mortgage-crunch, June 2023.

[131]   “Index of Private Housing Rental Prices, UK: December 2023.” ONS https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/bulletins/indexofprivatehousingrentalprices/december2023. [Online; accessed Jan-2024].

[132]   S. Hunter, “Rising mortgage payments leading to higher rents warn landlords.” National Residential Landlords Association, Industry News https://www.nrla.org.uk/news/rising-mortgage-payments-leading-to-higher-rents, December 2023.

[133]   “How increases in housing costs impact households.” ONS https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/howincreasesinhousingcostsimpacthouseholds/2023-01-09, January 2023.

[134]   F. Sosenko, M. Littlewood, G. Bramley, S. Fitzpatrick, and J. B. J. Wood, “State of Hunger. A study of poverty and food insecurity in the UK.” The Trussell Trust https://www.stateofhunger.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/State-of-Hunger-Report-November2019-Digital.pdf, 2019.

[135]   A. Pratt, “Food Banks in the UK.” House of Commons Library, Research Briefing https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8585, October 2023.

[136]   “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.” U.S. Department of Agriculture https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program. [Online; accessed 2-Feb-2024].

[137]   “Inflation rate, average consumer prices.” IMF https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PCPIPCH@WEO/WEOWORLD?year=2024.

[138]   “Unemployment rate.” IMF https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/LUR@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD?year=2024.

[139]   “About Pay Review Bodies.” GOV.UK https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pay-review-bodies-and-police-boards-introduction/an-introduction-to-pay-review-bodies-and-police-boards, July 2023.

[140]   “Elitism in Britain, 2019.” Social Mobility Commission press release https://www.gov.uk/government/news/elitism-in-britain-2019, June 2019.

[141]   J. Williamson, “All Aboard - Making worker representation on company boards a reality.” Trade Union Congress, Economic Report Series https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/all-aboard-making-worker-representation-company-boards-reality, September 2016.

[142]   L. Mishel, E. Gould, and J. Bivens, “Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts,” The Economic Policy Institute, January 2015.

[143]   “Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.” https://thebulletin.org/. Founded to warn humanity of existential risks, the Bulletin maintains the Doomsday Clock.

[144]   “The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk.” University of Cambridge, UK. Dedicated to the study and mitigation of risks that could lead to human extinction or civilizational collapse.

[145]   S. Beard and L. Holt, “What are the biggest threats to humanity?.” BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-47030233, February 2019.

[146]   S. Pinker, Los ángeles que llevamos dentro: El declive de la violencia y sus implicaciones. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós, 2018.

[147]   S. Pinker, En defensa de la Ilustración: Por la razón, la ciencia, el humanismo y el progreso. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós, 2018.

[148]   J. Diamond, Colapso: Por qué unas sociedades perduran y otras desaparecen. Barcelona: Debolsillo, 2007.

[149]   “It’s ‘now or never’ to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees.” UN News, https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115452, April 2022.

[150]   G. Ceballos, P. R. Ehrlich, and R. Dirzo, “Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines,” PNAS, July 2017.

[151]   “Transition Town Network.” https://transitionnetwork.org/.

[152]   “Revenue Statistics 2022 - the United Kingdom.” OECD, https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-united-kingdom.pdf.

[153]   A. Kamande, “Billionaires make billions, while billions get poorer,” Oxfam Views and Voices, January 2022. The ten richest billionaires – all men – saw their wealth more than double from $700bn to $1.5 trillion between March 2020 and November 2021, according to calculations done by Oxfam based on Forbes billionaires.

[154]   L. Hooker, “Millionaires at Davos say ‘tax us more’.” BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-61549155, May 2022.

[155]   “In tax we trust. To our fellow millionaires and billionaires: ....” https://www.intaxwetrust.org/, January 2022.

[156]   S. Crowther, “Henry Ford: Why I Favor Five Days’ Work With Six Days’ Pay.” In an interview with Ford https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Henry_Ford:_Why_I_Favor_Five_Days%27_Work_With_Six_Days%27_Pay, 1926. [Online; accessed 7-September-2023].

[157]   Wikipedia contributors, “List of sovereign states by tax revenue to gdp ratio — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_by_tax_revenue_to_GDP_ratio&oldid=1167665923, 2023. [Online; accessed 7-September-2023].

[158]   Wikipedia contributors, “Reaganomics (debt and government expenditures) — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reaganomics&oldid=1171303739, 2023. [Online; accessed 7-September-2023].

[159]   “Federal Debt Held by the Public.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=k977, 2023. [Online; accessed 7-September-2023].

[160]   M. Hellowell and A. Pollock, “Written Evidence to the National Assembly for Wales Finance Committee with Regards to its Inquiry on Public Private Partnerships,” tech. rep., The Centre for International Public Health Policy, December 2007.

[161]   S. Goodley, “P&O Ferries has paid some crew less than half UK minimum wage,” The Guardian, March 2024.

[162]   “P&O Ferries’ sackings were appalling, says Sunak.” BBC, 20 March 2022, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60812328.

[163]   “UN Report: Nature‘s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’; Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’).” IPBES https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/, May 2019.

[164]   D. Goulson, “The insect apocalypse: ‘Our world will grind to a halt without them’,” The Guardian, July 2021.

[165]   R. Bergl, A. Dunn, A. Fowler, I. Imong, D. Ndeloh, A. Nicholas, and J. Oates, “IUCN Red List assessment: Cross River Gorilla.” https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39998/102326240, 2016.

[166]   H. Warwick, “Where have all the hedgehogs gone?,” The Daily Mail, February 2013.

[167]   D. Wembridge, “The state of Britain’s hedgehogs 2011,” tech. rep., British Hedgehog Preservation Society, 2011.

[168]   “Cars and Vans.” International Energy Agency https://www.iea.org/energy-system/transport/cars-and-vans. 3.53 Gt CO2 emissions from cars and vans in 2022 [Online; accessed 26-March-2024].

[169]   “Transport and environment statistics.” UK Official Statistics https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/transport-and-environment-statistics-2023/transport-and-environment-statistics-2023, October 2023.

[170]   “Fast Facts on Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” EPA U.S. Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990 - 2021 https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions, June 2023.

[171]   “United Nations Population Fund, World Population Dashboard.” https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard.

[172]   “LowCVP study highlights importance of measuring whole life carbon emissions.” Cited by Zemo Partnership, https://www.zemo.org.uk/news-events/news,lowcvp-study-highlights-importance-of-measuring-whole-life-carbon-emissions_1644.htm, June 2011.

[173]   “Lifecycle Analysis of UK Road Vehicles.” Report for UK Department for Transport https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1062603/lifecycle-analysis-of-UK-road-vehicles.pdf, November 2021. Estimates for 2020 that a typical battery electric car saves  65 % GHG emissions compared to a petrol car. But that is for the UK electricity supply which already has a large wind and solar contribution and almost no coal.

[174]   E. Commission, D.-G. for Climate Action, N. Hill, S. Amaral, S. Morgan-Price, T. Nokes, J. Bates, H. Helms, H. Fehrenbach, K. Biemann, N. Abdalla, J. Jöhrens, E. Cotton, L. German, A. Harris, S. Haye, C. Sim, A. Bauen, and S. Ziem-Milojevic, Determining the environmental impacts of conventional and alternatively fuelled vehicles through LCA – Final report. Publications Office of the European Union, 2020.

[175]   M. Schoch, S. Kofi, T. Baah, C. Lakner, and J. Friedman, “Half of the global population lives on less than US$6.85 per person per day.” World Bank https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/developmenttalk/half-global-population-lives-less-us685-person-day, 2022.

[176]   “Household expenditure on motoring for households owning a car, UK: financial year ending 2021.” UK Office for National Statistics, ref 15088. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/expenditure/adhocs/15088householdexpenditureonmotoringforhouseholdsowningacarukfinancialyearending2021, September 2022.

[177]   D. Carrington, “1 % of people cause half of global aviation emissions – study,” The Guardian, Nov 2020.

[178]   “Aviation and Climate Change: Our Position.” https://policy.friendsoftheearth.uk/policy-positions/aviation-and-climate-change-our-position.

[179]   F. F. Nerini, T. Fawcett, Y. Parag, and P. Ekins, “Personal carbon allowances revisited,” Nature Sustainability, 2021.

[180]   “Conraction & Convergence.” Global Commons Institute (GCI), http://www.gci.org.uk/contconv/cc.html.

[181]   “ZeroCarbonBritain.” Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT), https://cat.org.uk/info-resources/zero-carbon-britain/research-reports/.

[182]   “Global Footprint Network.” https://www.footprintnetwork.org/. Compares the resource demand of individuals, governments, and businesses against Earth’s capacity for biological regeneration.

[183]   Wikipedia contributors, “Estimates of historical world population — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estimates_of_historical_world_population&oldid=1214044562, 2024. [Online; accessed 24-March-2024].

[184]   Wikipedia contributors, “Roman egypt — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Egypt&oldid=1201812522, 2024. [Online; accessed 25-March-2024].

[185]   Wikipedia contributors, “List of countries by population in 1000 — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_population_in_1000&oldid=1192145072, 2023. [Online; accessed 25-March-2024].

[186]   Wikipedia contributors, “List of countries by population in 1800 — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_population_in_1800&oldid=1214724970, 2024. [Online; accessed 25-March-2024].

[187]   “The World Counts, Population of Egypt.” https://www.theworldcounts.com/populations/countries/egypt. Estimates 10m in 1900, 20m in 1950.

[188]   “China, voracious buyer of foreign agricultural land.” France24 https://www.france24.com/en/20180225-china-voracious-buyer-foreign-agricultural-land, February 2018.

[189]   F. Gale and E. Gooch, “China’s Agricultural Investment Abroad Is Rising,” Amber Waves, April 2018.

[190]   Bloomberg, “China and US arable land per person.” https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-feeding-china/, 2017.

[191]   “How is China Feeding its Population of 1.4 Billion?.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://chinapower.csis.org/china-food-security/. [Online; accessed 8-Sept-2023].

[192]   S. Jennings, C. McCormack, and G. Stoll, “Thriving within our planetary means: reducing the UK’s production and consumption footprint by 2030,” tech. rep., WWF, June 2021.

[193]   D. Colman, “Food Security in Great Britain: Past experience and the current view.” Online, Kyushu University, Japan http://www.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/foodsci/4_paper_Colman.pdf, 2011.

[194]   “Licensed vehicles at the end of the year by tax class.” UK Department for Transport and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6489d029103ca6000c039ece/veh0103.ods. Great Britain from 1909; also United Kingdom from 2014.

[195]   “Mid-1851 to Mid-2014 Population Estimates for United Kingdom.” UK Office for National Statistics https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/adhocs/004356ukpopulationestimates1851to2014.

[196]   S. Samir, “Food Security: How did Egypt achieve self-sufficiency in vegetables, fruits?,” Egypt Today, May 2022.

[197]   S. Asseng et al., “Can Egypt become self-sufficient in wheat?,” Environmental Research Letters 13 094012, September 2018.

[198]   “Population Matters.” https://populationmatters.org.

[199]   R. Maynard, “Attenborough film: Saving our planet requires ending population growth.” https://populationmatters.org/news/2020/10/attenborough-film-saving-our-planet-requires-ending-population-growth, October 2020.

[200]   Wikipedia contributors, “Collapse of the atlantic northwest cod fishery — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collapse_of_the_Atlantic_northwest_cod_fishery&oldid=1174092342, 2023. [Online; accessed 8-Sep-2023].

[201]   “The Collapse of the Grand Banks Cod Fishery.” British Sea Fishing, https://britishseafishing.co.uk/the-collapse-of-the-grand-banks-cod-fishery/, 2022.

[202]   J. Cooke, “IUCN Red List assessment: Antarctic Blue Whale.” https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41713/50226962, June 2018.

[203]   B. Coxworth, “Study suggests eating salmon-feed fish, instead of farmed salmon.” NewAtlas, https://newatlas.com/environment/salmon-feed-wild-fish-human-consumption/, March 2022.

[204]   Wikipedia contributors, “Fish meal — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fish_meal&oldid=1195862539, 2024. [Online; accessed 13-February-2024].

[205]   “The Use Of Fish Meal In Animal Feeds.” Advisory Committee On Animal Feeding Stuffs, ACAF/01/6, https://acaf.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mnt/drupal_data/sources/files/multimedia/pdfs/ACAF00106.pdf, February 2001. ACAF Secretariat, Food Standards Agency.

[206]   J. Owen, “Farming Claims Almost Half Earth’s Land, New Maps Show.” National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/agriculture-food-crops-land, December 2005.

[207]   “Conservation successes overshadowed by more species declines – IUCN Red List update.” IUCN Press Release, https://www.iucn.org/content/conservation-successes-overshadowed-more-species-declines-iucn-red-list-update, June 2015.

[208]   R. Carson, Primavera Silenciosa. Barcelona: Editorial Crítica, 2010. Original: ‘Silent Spring’, 1962.

[209]   “Land use in agriculture by the numbers.” UN FAO, https://www.fao.org/sustainability/news/detail/en/c/1274219/, May 2020.

[210]   “Nature is Threatened by Unsustainable Production and Consumption of Soy.” World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF), https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/food_practice/sustainable_production/soy/. [Online; accessed 8-Sep-2023].

[211]   C. Brogan, “Best ways to cut carbon emissions from the cement industry explored.” Imperial College, London, May 2021.

[212]   “Make Listening Safe. Once you lose your hearing, it won’t come back!.” World Health Organisation https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/infographic-safe-listening-2019.pdf, 2019.

[213]   M. Winchcomb, “The Safety of Private E-Scooters in the UK.” Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety https://www.pacts.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/PACTS-The-safety-of-private-e-scooters-in-the-UK-Report-5.0.pdf, 2021.

[214]   S. Das and J. Ungoed-Thomas, “Child vaping risks becoming ‘public health catastrophe’ in UK, experts warn.,” The Guardian, July 2022.

[215]   “Ecodesign requirements for products with standby and off-mode.” European Commission https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements/energy-label-and-ecodesign/energy-efficient-products/mode-standby-and-networked-standby-devices_en.

[216]   “Letter to Mayor re tall buildings.” London Assembly, see ‘embodied energy’ https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/final_tall_buildings_letter_to_mayor.pdf, March 2021.

[217]   “High-rise buildings much more energy-intensive than low-rise.” University College London, June 2017.

[218]   “Circular economy: definition, importance and benefits.” European Parliament, News https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20151201STO05603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits, May 2023.

[219]   R. Smithers, “England’s plastic bag usage drops 85 % since 5p charge introduced,” The Guardian, July 2016.

[220]   “The Citizens’ Assembly, Republic of Ireland.” https://citizensassembly.ie/.

[221]   “Citizens’ Assemblies in the UK.” https://citizensassembly.co.uk/. See also: The RSA, Deliberative Democracy https://www.thersa.org/projects/deliberative-democracy, mySociety Research https://research.mysociety.org/publications/how-run-citizens-assembly.

[222]   “Climate Assembly UK.” https://www.climateassembly.uk/, 2020.

[223]   “Doomsday Clock.” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/.

[224]   S. Bachra, A. Lovell, C. McLachlan, and A. M. Minas, “The co-benefits of climate action,” tech. rep., CDP, 2020.

[225]   A. Smith, The Climate Bonus: co-benefits of climate policy. Routledge, 2013.

[226]   G. Zhang and R. Veenhoven, “Ancient Chinese philosophical advice: can it help us find happiness today?,” Journal of Happiness Studies 9, 425–443, 2008.

[227]   B. Russell, La conquista de la felicidad. Debolsillo, 2003. Original: ‘The Conquest of Happiness’, 1930.

[228]   D. Nettle, Felicidad: La ciencia tras la sonrisa. Editorial Crítica, 2005. Original: ‘Happiness: The Science Behind Your Smile’.

[229]   “Happy Planet Index.” https://happyplanetindex.org/.

[230]   “Building a wellbeing economy.” New Economics Foundation, https://neweconomics.org/campaigns/wellbeing.

[231]   “La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (DUDH).” https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights, 1948.

[232]   “Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales.” https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights, 1966.

[233]   “Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos.” https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights, 1966.

[234]   “Badvertising.” https://www.badverts.org.

[235]   “Adfree Cities.” https://adfreecities.org.uk/.

[236]   K. Pickett and R. Wilkinson, Igualdad. Capitán Swing Libros, 2019.

[237]   “The Equality Trust.” https://equalitytrust.org.uk.

[238]   B. Herre, F. Spooner, and M. Roser, “Homicides,” Our World in Data, 2013. https://ourworldindata.org/homicides.

[239]   W. Morris, Signs of Change. Longmans, Green and Co., 1896. Edición en español: ‘Cómo vivimos y cómo podríamos vivir’, Pepitas de calabaza, 2013. En Inglés: ‘How We Live and How We Might Live’ https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3053/3053-h/3053-h.htm.

[240]   K. Jeffrey, S. Mahony, J. Michaelson, and S. Abdallah, “Well-being at work - A review of the literature,” tech. rep., New Economics Foundation, February 2014.

[241]   E. Nova, “Demand for Populism as a Symptom of Learned Helplessness,” 4liberty, April 2016.

[242]   E. MacColl, Journeyman – An Autobiography. Manchester University Press, 2009.

[243]   B. Schwartz, Paradox of Choice – Why More is Less. Harper Perennial, 2004.

[244]   A. Gorz, Ecología y política. Ediciones 2001, 1980. Original: ‘Ecologie et politique’, Inglés: ‘Ecology as Politics’.

[245]   K. Wilson, “How small changes to prison food drastically cut inmate violence.” BBC Science Focus https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/prison-food-nutrition-violence-mental-health/, April 2022.

[246]   “Children who eat more fruit and veg have better mental health.” Communications news article, University of East Anglia, UK, Sep 2021.

[247]   “Global Obesity Observatory.” https://data.worldobesity.org/rankings/.

[248]   K. Douglas and J. Douglas, “Green spaces aren’t just for nature – they boost our mental health too.” New Scientist https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24933270-800-green-spaces-arent-just-for-nature-they-boost-our-mental-health-too/, March 2021.

[249]   D. Carrington, “Traffic noise slows children’s memory development, study finds,” The Guardian, June 2022.

[250]   J. Wang, P. Sankaridurg, T. Naduvilath, W. Li, I. G. Morgan, K. A. Rose, R. Weng, X. Xu, and X. He, “Time outdoors positively associates with academic performance,” BMC Public Health, April 2023.

[251]   K. Loria, “Being outside can improve memory, fight depression, and lower blood pressure.” https://www.businessinsider.com/why-spending-more-time-outside-is-healthy-2017-7, May 2023.

[252]   F. Wheen, How Mumbo Jumbo Conquered the World. Harper Perennial, 2004.

[253]   J. Haidt, La mente de los justos: Por qué la política y la religión dividen a la gente sensata. Planeta, 2019.

[254]   R. Dawkins, El cuento del antepasado: Un viaje a los albores de la evolución. Barcelona: Antoni Bosch Editor, 2008.

[255]   T. Jackson, Prosperidad sin crecimiento. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2022. En Inglés: https://www.sd-commission.org.uk/data/files/publications/prosperity_without_growth_report.pdf.

[256]   “The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).” https://www.irena.org. IRENA drives the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy.

[257]   “El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC).” https://www.ipcc.ch/languages-2/spanish/. El IPCC es el organismo de la ONU encargado de evaluar la ciencia relacionada con el cambio climático.

[258]   “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).” https://www.ipcc.ch/. IPCC is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change.

[259]   G. Thunberg, El libro del clima. Lumen, 2022.

[260]   “¿Cómo sabemos que el cambio climático es real?.” https://ciencia.nasa.gov/cambio-climatico/evidencia/. Información de la NASA sobre el cambio climático.

[261]   “Global Climate Change - Vital Signs of the Planet.” https://climate.nasa.gov/. NASA information on climate change.